Human resource management challenges in knowledge-intensive sectors Essay

Human resource management challenges in knowledge-intensive sectors and solutions - Essay Example Based on this research human resource management (HRM) is of crucial importance for the optimum functioning of the organisation, irrespective of whatever sector they operate in. As the organisations in all the sectors including knowledge-intensive sectors will have humans or employees, human resource management is inevitable. With the organisations in the knowledge intensive sectors maximally dependent on the employees and their intellectual assets than other sectors like manufacturing, service, etc., (which could have use of infrastructures and machineries), HRM has to play a major role to solve all the HRM centric challenges. In any organisation, Human Resource Department (HRD) in association with other departments will play a variety of roles. HRD as part of HRM will select of the right people for the right jobs or designations through aptly conducted recruitment drives. Then, they have to provide a healthy and effective work environment for them to exhibit high productivity. Effe ctive work environment in the sense, the employees can be made to work as part of teamwork, can be involved more in the decision making processes and importantly could be given timely incentives so that their efficacy levels are always at the peak. All these key aspects have to be taken by the organisation or the management with good inputs from the HRD in line with optimum HRM. Workers are the integral part of any successful organisation and that includes Knowledge-Intensive Firms (KIP). This paper will discuss the HRM centric challenges and problems that will normally arise among the employees in KIPs, and importantly discuss how it can be solved, thus making the employees provide optimum productivity and thereby keep the operations of those firms, running in a smooth, well lubricated manner. Knowledge-intensive sector or Knowledge-Intensive Firms (KIPs) The concept of KIFs is apparently distinct from other organisational categories or organisations in other sectors. This is becau se in other traditional organisational categories, the emphasis will be more on the raw materials, capital, machineries, etc., with employees and their intellectual assets playing a complementary role. However, in the case of firms in the Knowledge intensive sectors, their entire operations will depend on humans and their knowledge. â€Å"KIFs are generally considered to be diametrically opposite to traditional manufacturing firms in that the knowledge rather than physical or financial capital is central to the companies’ existence† (Jorgensen, Becker and Matthews 2009, pg. 451). Thus, the firms operating in the Knowledge Intensive sector carry out their operations based on the professional knowledge exhibited by their employees. That is, using the knowledge of the employees, they mainly provide knowledge based support, service and even products for other business processes. As stated by Rylander and Peppard (2005, pg.4), â€Å"KIFs are characterized as organisations where well-educated and qualified employees form a major part of the work force and engage in mainly â€Å"intellectual work†. Certain organisations, which do and provide these types of works or services comes under this knowledge intensive sector. For example, consulting organisations, financial companies, law firms, private banks, architecture companies, etc., comes under this sector because these companies will use their employees’ knowledge and data analysis skills to provide service to the other businesses or clients. Because of this main focus on the employees and their knowledge, more than their physical skills, their mental abilities will be focused. Thus, these firms will have a different employment structure than the traditional firms. For example, â€Å"their employment structures are heavily weighted towards scientists, engineers, auditors and other experts in specific fields.† (Metcalfe and Miles 1997, pg. 8). Thus, it is clear that the organisation al and employment struct

Monitor a Safe Workplace Essay Example for Free

Monitor a Safe Workplace Essay |Unit BSBOHS407A |Qualification | |Monitor a Safe Workplace |Certificate IV in Frontline Management | | | |Learner | |Start Date | | |Assessor | |Due Date | | | | |Task |Description |Who |What |Duration | |( 1 |Complete your workbook |Student |Workbook |10 hours | | | | |Text book | | |( 2 |Journal entry (one per week) |Student |Diary |20 mins | |( 3 |Scenario and Questions |Student |Questionnaire |1.5 hours | |( 4 |Underpinning Knowledge Questions |Student |Questionnaire |1.5 hours | |( 5 |Workplace Project |Student |Computer |6 hours (report) | | | | |Work Team |+ time on the job | |( 6 |Supervisor’s Checklist |Supervisor |Checklist |15 mins | | | | |Workplace Project: | | | | | |Create an OHS file for the information you collect while working through this unit. Consider your own organisation, or one that you have researched. | |Include the following: | |description of your organisation; | |organisational chart of your workplace with list of names, positions and responsibilities; | |floor plan of your workplace with emergency exits labeled; | |your organisation’s OHS policy and procedures; | |organisational chart and job descriptions; | |information from relevant state or territory’s OHS authorities; | |information from national OHS authorities; | |Risk Assessment forms and instructions/procedure | |copies of your organisation’s records and reports relating to OHS; and | |information from employees and health and safety representatives. | | | |Categorise the information and write a contents page for the folder/file. | | | |Conduct two (2) Risk Assessments on potential workplace hazards using the organisation’s procedures; attach the documentation. | | | | | |Contact your assessor if you require further information. | | | | | | | |_______________________________________ | |Student Signature | |DECLARATION: The attached information is all my own work | | | Certificate IV in Frontline Management BSBOHS407A: Monitor a Safe Workplace Candidate’s Name: ___________________________________________________ | |C |NYC | |FEEDBACK FROM MANAGER/SUPERVISOR | | | | | | | |Please consider how the candidate GENERALLY performs. | | | |Does your feedback confirm that the candidate can: | | | |Provide information to the workgroup about OHS policies and procedures |( |( | |Implement and monitor participative arrangements for the management of OHS |( |( | |Implement and monitor an organisation’s procedures for providing OHS training |( |( | |Implement and monitor procedures for identifying hazards and assessing risks |( |( | |Implement and monitor the organisation’s procedures for controlling risks |( |( | |Implement and monitor the organisation’s procedures for maintaining OHS for the team |( |( | | | |How does the candidate monitor safety in the workplace? | | | | | | | | | | | |COMMENTS FROM SUPERVISOR REGARDING CANDIDATE’S PERFORMANCE AGAINST THESE COMPETENCIES | | | | | | | |Supervisor’s Name and Signature: | | | |Email: | | | |Qualifications: | | | |Date: | Important: The candidate cannot be deemed competent until this checklist is returned. Please contact the assessor to discuss issues relating to this assessment, Corelink 02 9779 9800. Certificate IV in Frontline Management BSBOHS407A: Monitor a Safe Workplace Candidate’s Name: __________________________________ | | | |ASSESSOR’S OBSERVATIONS |Satisfactory | | | | | |Yes No | |Participates in group activities and group discussion in the learning development environment, OR, responded to |( |( | |assessor’s questions in the required time frame and to the required standard. | | | |Completed workbook activities to appropriate standard |( |( | |Recorded legitimate details of workplace issues in his/her journal and offered these issues and other discussion |( |( | |generating evidence to the workshop group | | | |Discussed and demonstrated an ability to work through issues raised on a one-to-one basis with the assessor (where |( |( | |the assessor coached the candidate through the issue) | | | |Demonstrated underpinning knowledge of the performance criteria for this unit |( |( | |Performance in the learning development environment was at a standard that reflected the candidate’s knowledge and |( |( | |understanding of this unit | | | |Ability to recognise opportunities to transfer learnings from group activities and discussions into the workplace |( |( | |Knowledge of how the elements and performance criteria of this unit integrate with and relate to the candidate’s |( |( | |organisation’s actual strategy | | | |ALL evidence submitted for assessment was appropriate for the level at which the candidate is being assessed |( |( | |Used effective people skills to relate to and communicate with others whilst in the learning development |( |( | |environment | | | | | |COMMENTS FROM ASSESSOR REGARDING CANDIDATE’S PERFORMANCE | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Assessor Name and Signature: Date: | Important: The candidate cannot be deemed competent until this checklist is returned. 1. Notes to Learner: †¢ ALL evidence should be checked off and attached to this document prior to submission for assessment. It is important you supply enough evidence so you can demonstrate that you are capable of performing at the appropriate standard in the workplace. Without the required evidence, you cannot be assessed as COMPETENT IN THE WORKPLACE by your assessor. †¢ The supervisor/third party checklist is to be completed by your supervisor. If you do not have a supervisor (for example, if you are a business owner), contact your assessor to arrange for a suitable third party to complete the checklist. †¢ Whether you are participating in FLM facilitated-learning workshops or learning self-paced, the assessor will complete a checklist to record evidence of your participation in group discussion, group activities or one-on-one interviews and emails. This will record an assessment of your underpinning knowledge and ability to transfer the learnings from the discussion and activities back to the workplace. †¢ Please contact your assessor if you require any assistance whilst preparing or collecting this evidence. †¢ If you do not have the instructions about how to keep a Journal, please contact your assessor. †¢ If you do not understand anything fully, contact your assessor. †¢ Go to Corelink’s website if you need tips on studying via distance learning. QUESTIONNAIRE Certificate IV in Frontline Management BSBOHS407A: Monitor a Safe Workplace SCENARIO Complete your answers using a word processor. The answers do not need to be lengthy (bullet points will do). The company you work for was recently purchased by another, much larger company. Although the employees have been assured that no retrenchments would occur they are still skeptical about what the future holds for them. The new managers appear to be quite open with staff about their vision for the company and have introduced major changes to its work practices to help them achieve their objectives. Workers are required to move to a new safety system. There has never been a formal system in place before. You have been put in charge of the project. Describe how you would go about the following: a. Information Sessions on OHS Legislation b. Method of explaining industry regulations to staff c. Draft of a suitable OHS Policy d. Explanation of how accessible this policy should be to employees e. Procedure for electing OHS representatives and committee f. Explanation of how meetings will be conducted g. Consultation methods you will use, and as assessment of that consultation with employees regarding the identification of workplace hazards h. Training requirements i. A checklist relating to hazards in your work area j. Draft of an Incident Reporting Procedure UNDERPINNING KNOWLEDGE QUESTIONNAIRE Certificate IV in Frontline Management BSBOHS407A: Monitor a Safe Workplace Complete your answers using a word processor. The answers do not need to be lengthy (bullet points will do). 1. Discuss the responsibilities that OHS legislation places on employees and managers 2. Describe the legal responsibilities of safety representatives and committees 3. What is meant by an employer’s OHS ‘Duty of Care’? 4. What should OHS audits evaluate? 5. What OHS records should be maintained? 6. Why do we have OHS policies and procedures? 7. Corelink PTY LTDAssessment Tool  ©Corelink Pty LtdAssessment Tool

Fifth Business - Character Foils Of Dunstan Ramsay And Percy Essay

Robertson Davies’ novel, Fifth Business, revolves around guilt, competition, and two men who are foils of each other. Although Dunstan Ramsay and Percy Boyd Staunton are parallels to each other, they contrast in a great number of ways. Their awkward relationship plays a significant role in the number of elements which make Fifth Business such an interesting story. While Dunstan Ramsay had never been too interested in competing with Percy Boyd Staunton, Percy from a young age saw Dunny as a rival. When Percy’s brand new expensive sled isn’t as fast as Dunny’s, Percy gets angry and throws a snowball at Dunny, which in turn begins the setting for the novel. The two continue to compete throughout the novel, for things such as Leola’s love, military recognition, and more. Percy’s and Dunstan’s characters contrast in many ways. The most prominent way in which they contrast is their values. Dunstan values spiritual things, while Percy values only material things. Percy is impressed by and yearns for money, while Dunstan could care less about it. Dunstan explains his lack of desire for materialistic things: Where Boy lived high, I lived - well, not low, but in the way congenial to myself. I thought twenty-four dollars was plenty for a ready-made suit, and four dollars a criminal price for a pair of shoes. I changed my shirt twice a week and my underwear once. I had not yet developed any expensive tastes and saw nothing wrong with a good boarding-house. (Page 1...

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Feb/Spring 2012 Master of Business Administration – MBA Semester IV MI0038 – Enterprise Resource Planning – 4 Credits Assignment – Set- 1 (60 Marks) Note: Each Question carries 10 marks. Answer all the questions. Q1. Q2. Q3. Q4. Why are ERP systems said to be flexible? Explain with an example. Explain with an example the concept of supply chain management? Differentiate between Open Source and Commercial ERP. Briefly explain the key principles to a proper ERP system selection process. What is ATO and how is it different from ETO? List the advantages of CAD/CAM.How does the plant maintenance module help in achieving competitiveness? Write a note of Quality Management. Explain the working of Warehouse Management and Purchase department with an example. Q5. Q6. Feb/Spring 2012 Master of Business Administration – MBA Semester IV MI0038 – Enterprise Resource Planning – 4 Credits Assignment – Set- 2 (60 Marks) Note: Each Question carr ies 10 marks. Answer all the questions. Q1. Q2. Q3. Q4. Q5. Q6. What is web ERP? What are its benefits? List out the different modules under ERP Inventory management. Also read  Modules 9 & 10Briefly explain the functionalities of CRM sub modules. List out the benefits of CRM Systems. Illustrate the role of ERP systems in Human Resources. List out the benefits of Human Resource management systems. Describe how you would go about the different phases of the ERP implementation lifecycle, if it were being done in your company. Discuss briefly about JD Edward’s and PeopleSoft’s applications and their various modules. What is BAPI? Why BIAP is considered as commanding tool in the SAP consultant’s toolkit?

Administrative Discretion – Essay

Administrative Discretion NAME SCHOOL Should public administrators be restricted to only laid down rules in the discharge of their duties as espoused by Max Weber or should they have some amount of discretion? To me that is a very open question in regards to public administration and depending on the situation either administrators’ following guidelines is best or administrators following their best discretion can be the best for the situation at hand. So when answering this question I can go either way, situation and circumstances permitting. In this paper I will go into further detail to explain why both sides of this question are equally applicable. When situations arise and public administrators have to make decisions in regards to the public safety, environmental safety, or the safety of anything in general it is important that they follow the laid down rules that their duties are bound by. Legal-rational authority â€Å"is based on a belief in the legitimacy of the pattern of normative rules and the rights of those elevated to authority under such rules to issue commands† (1). This can also be translated into â€Å"follow the rules of society! Everything has always worked better if everyone and everything follows this bureaucratic rule of thumb. One situation where public administrators should have been held to follow the laid down rules in regards to their duties was the finalization of the DoD, or Department of Defense’s budget. The ultimate work around was an extension to make a decision and funds w ere allocated for the mean time but potentially this could have been a major freeze on the majority of DoD operations to include the Army, Air Force, Marines, Navy, and Coast Guard. On the other hand, there is another option that makes sense. Public administrators, while following the laid down rules they are to follow, can be very effective when allowed varying amounts of discretion in their actions. Weber states that legal-rational authority is â€Å"†¦superior to any other form in precision, in stability, in stringency of its discipline, and in its reliability. It thus makes possible a particularly high degree of calculability of results for the heads of organizations and for those acting in relation to it† (1). Now taking that this type of bureaucracy that is followed works very well, in my career in the military I have learned that when particular situations arise, flexibility and speed is key. Thus in turn, public administrators are allowed that extra bit of flexibility just like in the case study 5 – Wichita Confronts Contamination. City Manager Chris Cherches used the flexibility he had managing the city and was able to save the city and state thousands if not millions of dollars that would be wasted if the EPA had been forced to manage the city’s cleanup operation. Cherches swift action, flexibility and determination in service to his city was detrimental to not only saving the cost that would have been brought to the city and state but his actions show how being allowed the discretion in his position actually provided a better outcome than not. Ultimately, flexibility or discretion is the deciding factor when it comes to getting the positive result or outcome of any situation. When it comes down to it, it is the actual situation or circumstance that dictates what the best course of action is to be, whether it is to follow the rules down to the letter or to have the discretion to make the decisions that will ultimately be the deciding factor in the positive outcome. With the examples give, on one hand you have congress who cannot come to an agreement over the finalization of a budget for the arm of the government, the Department of Defense and luckily was able to extend the term of the budget freeing up an allocated amount of funds. On the other was the City Manager of Wichita, Kansas who was able to save not only the city but the state countless amounts of money in a cleanup operation. So as you can see it is not a question of what is right, answer A all of the time or answer B all of the time, it is the question of which situation applies; can you use answer A, answer B for the particular situation. In the real world, situation and circumstances dictate all actions and outcomes. References: 1. Stillman, R. J. , II (2010). Public Administration, Concepts and Cases. Boston, MA: Wadsworth

The Olympics - Ancient Greek Funeral Games

The Olympics - Ancient Greek Funeral Games Its a curious aspect of sports that even when they are part of a celebration of global peace, like the Olympics, they are nationalistic, competitive, violent, and potentially deadly. Substitute panhellenic (open to all Greeks) for global and the same could be said about the ancient Olympics. Sports, in general, could be described as ritualized warfare where one power competes with another, where each hero (star athlete) strives to defeat a worthy opponent within a setting where death is unlikely. Rituals of Compensation for the Catastrophe of Death Control and ritual seem to be the defining terms. In coming to grips with the eternally present fact of death (remember: antiquity was a time of high infant mortality, death by diseases we can now control, and almost incessant warfare), the ancients put on shows where death was under human control. Sometimes the outcome of these shows was purposeful submission to death (as in the gladiatorial games), at other times, it was ​a  victory. Origin of the Games in Funerals The[re] are a number of possible explanations of the custom of funeral games such as to honor a dead warrior by reenacting his military skills, or as a renewal and affirmation of life to compensate for the loss of a warrior or as an expression of the aggressive impulses that accompany rage over the death. Perhaps they are all true at the same time.- Roger Dunkles Recreation and Games * In honor of his friend Patroclus, Achilles held funeral games (as described in Iliad 23). In honor of their father, Marcus and Decimus Brutus held the first gladiatorial games in Rome in 264 BCE. The Pythian Games celebrated Apollos slaying of the Python. The Isthmian games were a funeral tribute to the hero Melicertes. The Nemean games celebrated either Hercules killing of the Nemean lion or the funeral of Opheltes. All of these games celebrated death. But what about the Olympics? The Olympic games also began as a celebration of death, but like the Nemean games, the mythological explanations for the Olympics are confused. Two central figures used to explain the origins are Pelops and Hercules who are genealogically linked insofar as Hercules mortal father was Pelops grandson. Pelops Pelops wished to marry Hippodamia, the daughter of King Oenomaus of Pisa who had promised his daughter to the man who could win a chariot race against him. If the suitor lost the race, he would also lose his head. Through treachery, Oenomaus had kept his daughter unmarried and through treachery, Pelops won the race, killed the king, and married Hippodamia. Pelops celebrated his victory or King Oenomaus funeral with Olympic games. The site of the ancient Olympics was in Elis, which is in Pisa, in the Peloponnese. Hercules After Hercules cleaned the Augean stables, the king of Elis (in Pisa) welshed on his deal, so, when Hercules had a chance after he finished his labors he returned to Elis to wage war. The conclusion was foregone. After Hercules sacked the city, he put on the Olympic games to honor his father Zeus. In another version, Hercules merely regularized the games Pelops had instituted.

Strengths and Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation essays

Strengths and Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation essays The Articles of Confederation were drafted by John Dickerson in 1776 and were submitted to the states for ratification in November 1777. The Articles were not ratified until March of 1781 since it was required that all states ratify the document. Many states had problems with the Articles and through several compromises, the document was made to suit all the states. Although the Articles provided the United States with an adequate form of government, there were many weaknesses in the document that needed to be fixed. In many ways, the Articles of Confederation were an effective form of government for the United States. The Articles set up a legislature where every state was equally represented. This pleased all the states because the bigger states didn't have the power to outvote the demands of smaller states. In addition, there was no President or King, so no one person had too much power. Due to the strong dislike of a single, powerful leader from the US's experiences with England, it was in the best interests of the people to not appoint one powerful leader. Furthermore, the Articles did not give the government the power to individually tax the states, so each state would not be taxed without representation. If the states decided to tax, the people from the state would pay taxes that would go toward the national government and help pay off the national debt. Another important strength of the Articles of Confederation was that Americans could now trade directly with the Continental powers and didn't have to worry about what was in the best interest of Great Britain. Following the ratification of the Articles, the US negotiated commercial trading treaties with several of the Continental powers. In addition, the government placed no regulations on interstate commerce. This was advantageous because interstate trade was encouraged since the trade was free and had no restrictions or taxes behind it. One of the most successful ele...

The Four Sounds of the Spelling OU

The Four Sounds of the Spelling OU The Four Sounds of the Spelling OU The Four Sounds of the Spelling OU By Maeve Maddox In response to the post on all a rouse, Paul Wilkins wrote I am wondering why people are misusing rouse to mean ruse. What other spellings of common words are there that would cause them to think that rouse is pronounced in the same was as ruse? The only only one that comes to mind is the -use word ending for words such as hypotenuse. Actually, there are several English words in which the spelling ou represents the /oo/ sound: you, your, tour, crouton, group, coup The reference on which I most rely for discussing the sounds and spelling of English is Romalda Spaldings The Writing Road to Reading. Spalding based the teaching guidelines in her book on the work of Samuel Orton and his student Anne Gillingham. Both the Spalding Method and the Orton-Gillingham Method organize the sounds and symbols of English into 46 sounds (phonemes) and 70 written symbols (phonograms). In the Spalding method phonograms that represent more than one sound are presented in order of frequency. That is, if a letter or letter combination can represent more than one sound, the first sound is the most common, the second less common, and so on. When encountering an unfamiliar word, the beginning reader is taught to try the first sound first. If that doesnt produce a recognizable word, then the second sound is to be tried. In Spalding the four sounds of the phonogram ou are presented in this order: 1. /ow/ as in found about, house, shout, mouse, count, loud, sound, hound 2. long o as in four pour, course, court, gourd, mourn, fourth 3. /oo/ as in you your, tour, crouton, group, coup 4. /uh/ as in country cousin, double As one might expect, American pronunciation has undergone changes since Orton and his students did their research back in the 1920s and 1930s. Television has spread many pronunciations and words that were once considered regional rather than standard. For example, the word tour [tÊŠr] is often heard pronounced to rhyme with chore. In answer to the readers question, the bloggers who spell the word ruse with the phonogram ou have never seen the word in print. They are associating the spelling ou with its third sound and not its most common sound. As the writing population continues to read less, many conventional spellings will be lost. They will be replaced by forms that look right to writers who are not used to seeing them in print. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:36 Adjectives Describing LightWhat is Dative Case?Affect vs. Effect

Executive Summary for Computer Business Assignment

Executive Summary for Computer Business - Assignment Example The target market of Computer Heaven will be computer enthusiasts of all ages. It will also compete in the business to business market segment. The computer enthusiasts of all age shall be composed of end users at home and gamers. The business will also focus on computer arcades where orders are in bulk not to mention that it needs maintenance which is also an aspect of Computer Heaven’s business. The business to business market segments are large companies that will order in scale due to the sheer size of company and its operation. This segment shall be the profit center of Computer Heaven due to the scalability of business in addition to the long-term prospect of the business. Also, business to business market segment is advantageous to Computer Heaven’s bottom line as it requires maintenance due to the heavy use of its computers allowing a perpetual generation of revenue for the company. The firm plans to use a customer intimacy model to increase the customer retention of the firm. The firm will also maintain good working relationships with other stakeholder groups such as employees, lenders, and suppliers. Computer Heaven will differentiate itself from competition by delivering exceptional and consistent customer service and after sales technical support that will cultivate long-term relationship from its clients. Customer relation shall be the main driver of the company’s business for various reasons. First, it will discourage existing clients from considering competitors and second, it is more cost efficient to cultivate relationship with existing clients than to attract new clients. Pricing shall be used also as leverage in maintaining relationship with customers by offering discounts at an already lowered price in addition to an unparalleled customer service and after sales technical support. Computer Heaven will be enabled to offer

Antietam Battle Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Antietam Battle Analysis - Essay Example Besides, the growth and development of democratic ideas forced the Northern States to fight against the Southern states which was under the influence of slavery, forced labor and slave trade. The battle of Antietam can be considered as a turning point in history of the struggle for freedom and individual liberty in America. Still, the victory of the Union forces under the direct leadership of Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan proves the importance of military tactics, experience and single minded dedication in the battle field. On the other side, the Confederate forces failed to defeat the Union forces because they did not provide ample importance to military tactics and waited for reinforcement forces. In short, the battle of Antietam led the Americans, especially the African American slaves, towards freedom from slavery and forced labor. The Battle of Antietam occurred on 17 September 1862, in and the surrounding areas of Sharpsburg. The other areas include Maryland and Antietam Creek. The battle occurred between the Confederate forces (Confederate States Army) and Union forces (Union Army) in the American mainland. This battle is generally considered as a turning point in the American Civil War, which ignited the spirit of freedom among the slaves, especially the African Americans in America. The Confederate side was led by General Robert E. Lee, and the Union Army was under the direct control of Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan. ... Besides, the Battle of Antietam was a single-day battle but it resulted in high casualty. Both the opposing sides were forced to suffer heavy loss because thousands of deaths were reported. But the lack of planning related to warfare techniques hindered the Union Army from destroying the Southern Army. To be specific, Union forces possessed enough resources to destroy the Southern side. But lack of planning from the side of McClellan helped the Southern Army to have ample time to withdraw from the battlefield. Eventually, the Southern forces withdrew from Maryland to Virginia. On the other side, the Southern side’s decision to withdraw from Maryland helped Abraham Lincoln to announce and implement the decision to prohibit slavery and free the slaves in America. So, one can see that the Antietam Battle eventually led America to be a unified federation, which is against slavery and in favor of democratic ideas. Some of the resources used in this work include: Battle of Antietam: The Bloodiest Day by Ted Alexander, Grant and Lee: Victorious American and Vanquished Virginian by Edward H. Bonekemper, and Historical Atlas of the United States, with Original Maps by Derek Hayes. Review Strategic Setting: As pointed out, Antietam Battle ignited the spirit of democratic though and changed the general opinion on slavery and forced labor. The immediate cause of the battle is interconnected with the clash between the southern and Northern states in America on slavery, forced labor, and slave trade. Stephen W. Sears claims that â€Å"The realities of Antietam were brought home to the Northern citizenry more vividly than any previous battle† (Sears 2003, 20).1 The

Deontological Second Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Deontological Second Paper - Essay Example In order to discuss the ethical acceptability of the direct-to-consumer marketing of pharmaceutical drugs from a deontological point of view, it is good to consider Kant’s categorical imperative. The categorical imperative is the central philosophical theory in the deontological moral philosophy proposed by Immanuel Kant in his work Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals in 1785. This philosophical concept is generally accepted as a way of analyzing motivations for action. â€Å"Kant’s categorical imperative states that an action is morally right if and only we can will that the maxim (or principle) represented by our action be a universal law† (as qtd in Shaw 58). Kant strongly says that reason alone can produce a moral law and there is no need of empirical reasoning to arrive at absolute moral truth. Kant specifically tells that a moral rule should be consistently universalizable and free from internal contradiction. As Masters cite from Kant, moral rules must be based on categorical imperatives but not hypothetical imperatives (111). He adds that those rules must necessarily bind everyone unconditionally, and should not take specific goals or desires of individuals into account. Referring to Kant’s categorical imperatives, it is unethical to allow the direct-to-consumer marketing of pharmaceutical drugs. As George describes in the case study, it is clear that the pharmaceutical industry spent $1.19 billion on TV ads in 2005 (319). Although the industry leaders claim that these TV ads educate people about a variety of illnesses and keep them informed of the possible drugs to treat those illnesses, it is obvious that their actual motive is to generate more sales and to increase profits. When prescription drugs are marketed on a business motive, healthcare becomes a commodity, and the situation hurts fundamental human values. Actually, prescription

Private Institutions vs. Public Institutions Research Paper

Private Institutions vs. Public Institutions - Research Paper Example This report declares that sociology of education helps in understanding the entire education system, finding the strengths and weaknesses. In order to do proper formulation of guidelines and planning of a viable system to perfectly suit man and society. Sociology of education places the teacher in a better position of understanding social issues and their related problems in relation to the schooling environment thus enabling the teacher to relate morally, ethically and professionally. In other words, it gives the teacher in depth understanding of the student cultural background and socio-cultural setup, hence helping them to understand it better themselves. This paper discusses that education is a formal process through which society willingly passes down accumulated customs, values, skills, and knowledge from generation to generation. In light with this notion about education, there are many functions connected to its necessity hence its core basis. Some of the outlined objectives of education thus include development of value and attitudes. The basis of any society is inclined on its values whether social, cultural or political. These values act as the pillars on which the society’s stability rests upon. For this value to be existent, it calls for personal/individual orientation. Education through any of its institutional setups is formulated to create an environment geared towards the achievement of social integration. Individuals in school setups are drawn from different social backgrounds. In order for the school to function as a system, it calls for shedding of the self to allow for the inclusion of the â€Å"othernessâ₠¬ . By this, therefore, we mean that a much as one will hold unto individuality, individualism has to be suppressed if the school has to operate as a joint. The education, therefore, is designed to instill interrelation ability and foster national unity, despite the existing diversity among students in terms of class, race and gender. One of the many objectives of education is to foster a country’s national development and propagate its economic growth. In order for this to be realized, it follows that individuals ought to understand their obligation in relation to their contribution to this goal. Education enhances the achievement of this objective through two major ways: firstly, through education, on is able to know and understand the main pillars of economic development. By so doing, the system thus helps an individual to strategically, position himself or herself in carrying out this function. Secondly, education helps in shaping up people to act as tools of development . This is to say that educated people understand best about what to do, how to do it, where and when to perform the specified duties as expected

Eggettes Restaurant in San Francisco Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Eggettes Restaurant in San Francisco - Essay Example Recommendations Operating in a competitive environment, Eggettes should adopt strategies that would make it more competitive. As such, the restaurant should include delivery services in its operations so as to compete with other similar restaurants like Waffle. Introduction of waiter services would also ensure that service in the restaurant becomes faster and efficient especially for the mixologist who has to get orders from customers and make them their desired drinks on top of other duties performed concurrently. Being an internet cafe, the management should make use of this capacity to automate its employee scheduling. Employees should be able to book their off days online and the store owner works on it. This would make this operation more effective and simpler for the store owner. Section I – Introduction Eggettes is an average class fast food restaurant in San Francisco, 3136 Noriega Street in the Outer Sunset neighborhood hence providing ample parking to its customers w hich is offered free in front of the restaurant. It serves different kinds of Chinese fast foods and desserts and beverages including tea and coffee. The restaurant operates between 11 am and 10 pm from Sunday to Thursday and 11 am to 11 pm on Fridays and Saturdays. This internet cafe has the capacity and ability to handle group customers who could perhaps choose to have a biting in the restaurant as they hold their meetings. Though it does not offer delivery services, waiter service or allow for outdoor sitting, it has take-out services. The restaurant does not accept credit cards and does not allow for reservations (Eggettes 2009). But the restaurant offers various benefits to its... The study involved qualitative analysis of the desired employees’ attributes and the practice in scheduling employees. As such, qualitative data was collected through observation and engagement with the respective employees, particularly the mixologist and the store owner. These data were then analyzed and then conclusions and recommendations were made. This report makes a conclusion that waiter services would go a long way in ensuring high customer service levels are attained. The tasks that a mixologist for instance has to accomplish are too much and in as much as such workers are meant to ensure customer satisfaction, fatigue could hinder them from fully accomplishing this. Waiter services could considerably reduce the one minute standard waiting period for customers. It would even attract more customers who seek to be served. Caution should be taken however to ensure that the waiters and those preparing orders like the mixologist understand each other so as not to disappoint customers with serving below their expectations. Due to the availability of internet in the restaurant, the store owner should consider introducing a computerized duty scheduler. When an employee logs in and books a specific off duty date, the date automatically becomes unavailable to other employees. This should relay to the restaurant’s server and a ccessible to the store owner. It would thus be easier planning the monthly schedule of how employees would have their off duty days.

Private Institutions vs. Public Institutions Research Paper

Private Institutions vs. Public Institutions - Research Paper Example This report declares that sociology of education helps in understanding the entire education system, finding the strengths and weaknesses. In order to do proper formulation of guidelines and planning of a viable system to perfectly suit man and society. Sociology of education places the teacher in a better position of understanding social issues and their related problems in relation to the schooling environment thus enabling the teacher to relate morally, ethically and professionally. In other words, it gives the teacher in depth understanding of the student cultural background and socio-cultural setup, hence helping them to understand it better themselves. This paper discusses that education is a formal process through which society willingly passes down accumulated customs, values, skills, and knowledge from generation to generation. In light with this notion about education, there are many functions connected to its necessity hence its core basis. Some of the outlined objectives of education thus include development of value and attitudes. The basis of any society is inclined on its values whether social, cultural or political. These values act as the pillars on which the society’s stability rests upon. For this value to be existent, it calls for personal/individual orientation. Education through any of its institutional setups is formulated to create an environment geared towards the achievement of social integration. Individuals in school setups are drawn from different social backgrounds. In order for the school to function as a system, it calls for shedding of the self to allow for the inclusion of the â€Å"othernessâ₠¬ . By this, therefore, we mean that a much as one will hold unto individuality, individualism has to be suppressed if the school has to operate as a joint. The education, therefore, is designed to instill interrelation ability and foster national unity, despite the existing diversity among students in terms of class, race and gender. One of the many objectives of education is to foster a country’s national development and propagate its economic growth. In order for this to be realized, it follows that individuals ought to understand their obligation in relation to their contribution to this goal. Education enhances the achievement of this objective through two major ways: firstly, through education, on is able to know and understand the main pillars of economic development. By so doing, the system thus helps an individual to strategically, position himself or herself in carrying out this function. Secondly, education helps in shaping up people to act as tools of development . This is to say that educated people understand best about what to do, how to do it, where and when to perform the specified duties as expected

A Strategic Plan for Personal Development Assignment

A Strategic Plan for Personal Development - Assignment Example Conclusion Abstract Leadership can be defined as the various processes that people of authority practice to influence their peers or subordinates to agree and understand how to improve performance and interpersonal communication to achieve collective objectives (Jones & Goffee, 2007).Leadership in the contemporary society has various definitions that relate to good communication and achieving set objectives (Daft, 2011). Some leaders incorporate the use of psychological techniques such as emotional intelligence to impact good leadership abilities among employees. I desire to be a leader can influence other people towards goal attainment and shares the same objective with peers. Introduction I believe such leadership will help me motivate my subordinates towards attainment of common objectives and enhance interpersonal communications (Daft, 2011). Leadership process is either interactive or linear. An interactive process is a two-way communication where leaders and their peers or foll owers communicate by raising concerns and receiving a direct feedback. A linear leadership process is an authoritative form of leadership where leaders make decisions and implement changes without consulting their followers (Daft, 2011). Leaders influence their peers, subordinates and other stakeholders. ... Trait in leaders implies that some people have the right personality, values, motives and skills to be good leaders. Literature Review a. Process versus trait Process in leadership implies that skills and abilities are acquired through education, coaching and mentoring (Jago, 2006). Leadership process is available to all hardworking and reformed entrepreneurs willing to change their cognitive and behavioral aspect of life. Leaders can learn from other famous and successful leaders how to become the best in their organization. Emotional intelligence is also essential while learning how to become an influential and effective leader. Most business leaders shape their skills with a Master’s Degree in Business Administration and changing their behavior to accommodate diverse culture and behavior exhibited by other people in an organization (Daft, 2011). Coaching and mentoring in a leadership process is very important because successful leaders shape the minds and behavior of young and aspiring leaders to become influential. Mentoring is a process where decisions are affected by the experienced leaders before any action is implemented. The mentor acts as counselor to an aspiring leader by listening and giving sound advice that is needed to achieve set objectives of becoming a good leader (Sindell & Hoang, 2001). Trait in leadership is an added value, which is innate in nature (Goffee & Jones, 2006). Some people are born with leadership personalities, values and physical characteristics. There are leaders that speak fluently and influence people with both spoken and written word. Some leaders are extroverts, which imply that they socialize with all employees, stakeholders and customers to acquire new views and concerns from

Financial Theories Overview Essay Example for Free

Financial Theories Overview Essay costs of capital to a firm would remain the same no matter what combination of financing sources the firm actually chose (Miller, 2001, p. 185). The dividend proposition overcomes objection to leverage proof. | 3. Agency Cost Theory I Michael Jensen and William Meckling define agency costs as the costs associated with cooperative effort by human beings, which arises when the principal hires an agent to carry out duties Oensen, 2005). Conflicts of interest between management and shareholders are inevitable and can cause a potential loss in value of public corporations (Chew, 2001). For example, shareholders may want management to increase shareholder value, but management may grow the business to increase personal power and wealth (Chew, 2001). | Enrons company was worth $30 billion and senior managers tried to defend a $40 billion of excess valuation. Ultimately Enron executives destroyed the company by trying to fool the markets through accounting manipulations, hiding debt through off-balance sheet partnerships, and over hyped new ventures such as their broadband futures effort Oensen, 2005, pp. 10-11). John Roth, former chief executive officer (CEO) of Nortel, wrote off most cquisitions, when stock price crashed and closed down activities, which resulted in the destruction of not only the corporate value but also the social value of the company Oensen, 2005). Finance scholars found a reduction in conflict of interest between management and shareholders because of: (1) product market competition and a market for executive labor

Family Health Assessment Case Study

Family Health Assessment Case Study Rubina Malik Family health assessment is important to learn about the individual’s family and life style. Being a nurse it is important for me to know various dynamics of individual’s behavior and values and his family heritage to form a better care plan for the family to maintain better health. Family health assessment gives caregivers a clear picture of an individual’s measures for his family wellbeing. The tool used for the family health assessment is Gordon’s Health Pattern Assessment. The health patterns assessment was designed by Marjory Gordon in 1987 and is used to provide a comprehensive nursing database. In this paper 11 aspects of human functions and health are discussed. The family selected for the interview is Riyami family, an African American family. The family consists of 5 members, Mr. Mrs. Riyami and their 3 sons. Mr. Riyami is 63 years old and is suffering with hypertension; Mrs. Riyami is 55 years old and is diabetic. Their sons do not have any hea lth issues and are of age 25, 20 and 19 years respectively. Questions were asked from the family to know the impact of each health pattern on their way of living a healthier life. Health perception and health management is based on individual’s personal health beliefs for health maintenance and protection (Koshar). Health is not only the absence of any sickness but it is more of a mental, physical and social wellbeing. The health perception of Riyami family is based on eating healthy as they believe that only physical fit body can stay safe from minor and major health issues. As Mr. Mrs. Riyami take their medication regularly and are very conscious about their health. They follow their health heritage norms to cure any minor illness i.e. use of herbal treatment and home remedies. Every person in their family takes herbal treatment for any common illness for example flu, headache, stomach gastric issues etc. they prefer visiting the physician for routine checkups and in case of any serious emergency. Their elder son drinks alcohol and smoke cigarette in social gatherings. They perform their religious obligations with full devotion. Nutrition and metabolism assessment mainly focus on the nutrition consumption according to the metabolic requirements of the body (Koshar). Nutrition consumption is very well balanced among the family members and intake of fluids to keep body hydrated is considered important for the family members. They consumption of fruits and vegetables is higher and prefer taking small quantity of sugar, sodium and carbohydrates in their diet. Herbal tea is taken in routine by the family. The family makes sure to take an appropriate amount of calories and also try to eat their traditional cuisine and less fast food items. Sleep and rest patterns are assessed to know the relaxation and rest practice of the individuals (Koshar). Mr. Riyami works in the morning shift and tries to be in bed around 10pm. As Mrs. Riyami is a registered nurse and works night shift, she takes adequate sleep in the day time and prefers to take more rest on her days off from work. Their sons prefer taking nap after they get back home from school and prefer not staying up late during their school. Whereas the elder one prefers sleeping early as he is a full time worker and has to work morning shift. Every member in their family takes approximate sleep according to their routine. Elimination is stated as the excretory pattern (Koshar). From the assessment no one in family seems to have issue with their excretory pattern. The family does not have any complain regarding their bowl movement or urination. Activity and Exercise is referred to the daily activities that involve energy, activities related to self-care, leisure activities and exercise/workouts (Koshar). Mr. Riyami was a soccer player and a soccer couch but he stopped practicing sports from 20 years, now he enjoys watching soccer game in his leisure time. Mrs. Riyami due to her busy schedule is not involved in any activity or exercise but she know the importance of having these activities to remain healthy. Mr. Mrs. Riyami go for a walk of 30-45 minutes daily. Their sons play soccer and believe that it gives them a good workout and fun altogether. Cognitive and sensory assessment is to assess the individual’s ability to understand and response towards any information and to sense that information appropriately. This assessment is done to know about the cognitive ability and capacity of the individuals (Koshar). Mr. and Mrs. Riyami are well educated; Mrs. Riyami just completed her RN-BSN degree with good grades and hence finds no problem in assessing or responding to any information. No cognitive disability was found in their family. Self-perception assessment focuses on person’s behavior and attitude toward self, which includes confidence, their identity and their physique (Koshar). The Riyami family does not have or face any issues regarding self esteem. They are happy and content with their lifestyle and believe that they are blessed by God and are loved by everyone around. Mr. Mrs. Riyami give the same teaching to their children and pray for them to be confident enough and not face any issue of self-worth. Role and Relationship pattern assess the individual’s relationship with others and the role they play in this world. Riyami family has a strong faith and family bond (Koshar). Mr. Mrs. Riyami share all the love and care and teach the same to their children. Mr. and Mrs. Riyami like to meet people and enjoy the company of their family and friends. They have a respectable status among their loved ones. Sexuality pattern assessment focuses on individual’s level of satisfaction of dissatisfaction of their sexuality and reproduction patterns (Koshar). Mr. Mrs. Riyami are satisfied with their sexual life. They share intimate moments and believe that love is what had made their relationship bond strong. They make sure they spend enough time together out of their busy routine. Coping and stress tolerance assessment is done to know individual’s strength to cope up with the stress and strategies used by him/her to overcome that stress (Koshar). Mr. Mrs. Riyami believe that all happiness and sorrow , worry and stress comes in life and to overcome that situation they only support and strength is given to an individual by the God. They share and communicate with one another in case any problem occurs and try to overcome the situation by mutual understanding and corporation. They pray to God at times of crisis and happiness. Their family, friends and prayers are part of their support system. The two nursing wellness diagnosis assessed from interviewing Riyami family are; nutritional-metabolic pattern and coping-stress tolerance pattern. Mr. Mrs. Riyami take their medications in time but sometimes due to work load and stress they skip their meal or do not take enough food as the body requirement. In case of Mrs. Riyami specially as she is diabetic and has to keep check on food and nutrition while she is at work, it becomes a difficult part for her. Mr. Riyami being hypertensive have to make sure that he avoid take any stress but often work load or any uncertain happening give him stress that makes him feel low. Their kids being young and enthusiastic do not have any health issue but they often become ignorant about their nutrition which is a point of worry for their parents as they don’t want their kids to face health issues like hypertension diabetes or any related medical problem. The Gordon’s health pattern assessment had been a great help for me while assessing the family. It truly is a great tool for nurses to analyze and assess their clients and families. I was able to learn about the family from different health perspectives which gave me a good experience of assessing different health patterns and their impact on a family’s health and functions. Reference Koshar, J. (n.d.). Gordons Functional Health Patterns. Retrieved from http://www.sonoma.edu/users/k/koshar/n340/N345_Gordon_FHP.html

Technology: Past, Present, and Future Essay examples -- Automobiles Ca

Technology: Past, Present, and Future Remember the days of the Old West? The women walked around with their parasols or rode in a horse drawn carriage and the men rode fast and furious on their horses. Everything you needed was right there in town: the saloon, the general store, and the barber. When one needed to get somewhere, they would walk. If they needed to travel far, there were steam-powered locomotives. As towns and cities grew larger, it was not so convenient to walk everywhere. There was a need for a machine that could get us around to where we had to go. Technology was becoming a bigger part of the times and the machine we now know today as the automobile was invented. Millions of people throughout the world depend on the automobile to take them from place to place in their busy lives. Take a second to think about how difficult your life was before you began to drive. You had to ask family and friends to drive you to school, work and wherever you wanted to go. Now imagine there are no cars for us to drive. How different would our lives be? In "Cars and Their Enemies," James Q. Wilson looks at this very question. He examines how are lives would be affected if suddenly today, the car was built. Wilson also challenges those who are skeptical about the use of the car and defends his view that the car is a necessity. Imagine we live in a world of only public transportation. If we wanted to get away, we would have to ride a bike or walk. We would have to shop only for what we could hold. We would have to work close to our homes or take a bus. In other words, our lives would be quite hectic. Now suppose the idea of building a personal automobile is proposed to us. Do we jump at the chance or cower away from it? W... ...gain. So in fifty years when you're getting ready to cruise around town in your brand new twenty four-caret gold painted, voice activated, battery powered hovercraft, don't forget to grab your wallet. You're going to need to have your software license, photocopying license, Internet license, listening license, reading license, oh and don't forget your drivers license. If the future of technology comes to this, then all of these licenses are a definite possibility. It may take many years to come to this but if it happens we have to be ready. So in the words of a famous credit card company, "Don't leave home without it." Works Cited Samuelson, Pamela. "The Digital Rights War." The Presence of Others. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2000. 315-321 Wilson, James Q. "Cars and Their Enemies." The Presence of Others. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2000. 303-314

Multi-layered security Plan Essay

Hardware and software are key pieces of any organization’s infrastructure. Components in each domain of the seven domains of the IT infrastructure may connect to a network or to the internet, and can be vulnerable to malicious attacks. Malicious attacks on hardware and software can also lead to more widespread problems. These problems can include loss of critical data or theft of financial information or intellectual property. Unprotected IT and network infrastructure assets can offer attackers and cybercriminals the widest opening to access sensitive resources. The ease of access makes assets that are connected to the internet the most common first point of attack. That means those assets should be you first line of defense. Technical failure and human error are the most common causes of unintentional downtime. Malicious attacks can occur and cause downtime in all seven domains of an IT infrastructure, but you are more likely to see them in the User, Workstation, LAN, and WAN domains. Opportunity cost is the amount of money a company losses due to downtime. The downtime can be either intentional or unintentional. Some organizations refer to opportunity cost as true downtime cost. It usually measures the loss of productivity experienced by an organization due to downtime. One of the most important things that information security professionals try to protect is their organization’s reputation and brand image. Companies that suffer from security breaches and malicious attacks that expose any assets are likely to face serious negative consequences in the public eye. In the popular usage and in the media, the term hacker often describes someone who breaks into a computer system without authorization. In most cases that means the hacker tries to take control of a remote computer through a network, or software cracking. The media and the general public also use the word hacker to describe anyone accused of using technology for terrorism, vandalism, credit card fraud, identity theft, intellectual property theft, or one of many other forms of crime. Protecting an organization’s computing resources requires that you have some idea what tools your enemy will be using. Knowing how attackers work makes it possible to defend against their attacks. Many organizations use the same tools that attackers use to help identify weaknesses they need to address and it is better to do so before an attacker does. Computer criminals and malicious individuals use a number of hardware and software tools to help carry out attacks. These tools and techniques include: Vulnerability scanners, Port scanners, Sniffers, War dialers, and Key loggers. As with most technology requirements, it is impossible to cover all of your organizational needs with a single machine or program. By the same token, haphazardly bolting together a number of unrelated solutions leaves cracks that only get bigger as time goes on. What’s required is a multi-layered, company-wide approach in which integrated products complement and reinforce each other. In multilayered Network intrusion detection Systems (NIDS) is the first level of protection against remote intruders. NIDS monitor all the communications that come in to and stop those that look suspicious. This prevents hackers from overloading your server with Denial of Server (DOS) attacks and scanning your ports for vulnerabilities. Next comes the firewall which only legitimate communications (e.g. email, password certified remote users) are permitted to go through the firewall. This prevents unauthorized users from logging into or using your network. Then comes Email Scanning, while an email is technically an authorized form of communication, it may contain objectionable content (pornography, confidential information, overly large files, etc.). This software scans the contents of the email and rejects those that violate your company policies. Internet Security similar to email, a web site is technically an authorized form of communication. However only certain web sites and downloads are appropriate for the workplace. This software uses internal criteria to limit the sites that can be visited, and scans what is downloaded. After that comes Server Level Virus Scanning which is a strong anti-virus program with updated signature files checks for viruses on every file that is saved to the server and protects against them. This is particularly important for email servers, such as those running MS Exchange. Workstation Virus Scanning: Not every file is saved on the server. Files from a number of sources – including those from infected floppy disks or downloaded off the internet – are put directly on the local workstation, which therefore requires its own Anti-Virus software. Update Communication Software: From time to time, prospective intruders and virus writers find vulnerabilities in popular types of communication software, such as Microsoft Outlook. When those holes are discovered software fixes or â€Å"patches† are made to close the vulnerabilities. It is therefore necessary to be diligent about being aware of these updates and applying them to the software. THE BEST DEFENSE: – Attentive Employees and Corporate Policies: We can implement many effective technological solutions, but the most essential piece of a secure business is a company of people who understand the various dangers and the role they play in preventing them. One regularly quoted statistic is that 80% of security breaches come from inside the company. Strong security requires strong corporate policies, clear management dedication, and good employee education about risks. 1) General This MLS plan will give a brief overview of the security strategies that will be implemented at each level of the IT infrastructure. 2) User Domain a. The usage of security awareness training to instruct employees of Richman Investments security policies b. Auditing of user activity 3) Workstation Domain a. The usage of antivirus and anti-malware programs on each user computer b. Strict access privileges to corporate data c. Deactivation of media ports 4) LAN Domain a. Utilizing network switches b. WPA 2 encryption to wireless access points c. Securing server rooms from unauthorized access 5) LAN to WAN Domain a. Closing off unused ports via a firewall to reduce the chance of unwanted network access b. Monitor inbound IP traffic, more specifically looking for inbound transmissions that show signs of malicious intent c. Run all networking hardware with up to date security patches, and operating systems 6) WAN Domain a. Enforce encryption, and VPN tunneling for remote connections b. Configure routers, and network firewalls to block Ping requests to reduce chance of Denial of Service attacks c. Enforce anti-virus scanning of email attachments i. Isolate found malicious software (virus, Trojans, etc.) when found d. Deployment of redundant internet connections to maximize availability 7) Remote Access Domain a. Establish strict user password policies, as well as lockout policies to defend against brute force attacks b. Require the use of authorization tokens, have a real-time lockout procedure if token is lost, or stolen c. Encrypt the hard drives of company computers, laptops and mobile device to prevent the loss of sensitive data

Human Activity Causes Climate Change Essay

An American vice president, Al Gore, said that while the reason behind dinosaurs’ extinction over 65 million years ago was because of a giant asteroid, the species that are dying out every minute of our lives are not just because of some havocs, but it is US-human (Al Gore, 2006, internet). We are destroying our world indirectly which means we do not just go and kill those entire animals, but what has caused their extinction is due to â€Å"Climate Change† that is the result of the Natural Causes and Human Activities. We used to look at how natural causes have contributed to climate change, but human is now even playing a bigger role in causing climate change. Climate can be defined as the average weather effected by slow features such as oceans, precipitations, and clouds (Slaght, 2009, p34-41). Out of the two main causes of climatic alterations, natural cause is one of them. It refers to phenomenon such as forest fires, volcanic eruptions that cause tons of pollutants to our atmosphere, but also keeps the world in balance. For example, disasters such as volcano eruptions release at least 130 million tons of pollutants annually. Moreover, studies from the recent volcanic eruptions such as El Chichon, Mexico (1982), and Mount Pinatubo, Philippines (1991) showed that the sulfuric acid liquid drops from these volcanoes also subsidize the depletion of our ozone layer (Volcanic gases and their effects, internet). On the other hand, even if human have not existed on earth, carbon dioxide emission would still happen. Over 95% of the world emission came from what we call the natural cycle of CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) such as the decaying of organic materials, but whatever happens during the natural cycle of the earth’s CO2, it is already in the balance of nature or the environmental capacity that allowes how much CO2 can be stored (Common questions about climate change, 2006, internet). Therefore, as we can see nature has made a lot of contributions to the climate change; however, what they have been doing fo r these millions of years has already been adjusted by the world’s balance. Human, on the other hand, is the main cause of the consequences of climate change, especially in the 20th century, counting from the industrial revolution. Just the same as nature, we also release gases such as CO2 to our atmosphere. Some examples of these activities are the burning of fossil fuels and contaminated emission from factories and cars. Looking at the figure above, we can see that the emission of CO2 from ocean and vegetation range as high as from 332 to 439, but at the same time they absorb CO2 at a similar amount they release. Then again, the burning of fossil fuel and land use, only liberate as much as 29 amount of CO2 to the atmosphere, a very tiny amount compared to the ocean or vegetation. But, the question is why we are the main character that causes climate change? Unlike natural causes, man-made contributions to climate change are not a cycle, but a one way on-going process. We are releasing those harmful gases into the air, but at the same time never do anything to dissolve them back to maintain the atmospheric equilibrium. Our actions are causing extreme weather condition; meanwhile, the main concern that has been attracting a lot of awareness lately is â€Å"Global Warming†- the increase in global average weather due to natural or unnatural conditions or in short, the world is gradually getting hotter. Releasing abundantly to the atmosphere, which is the result from human activities such as the fossil fuels burning, small particles move into the air and make a change to the amount of energy that the atmosphere can reflect and absorb. Although the studies of these tiny particles have just started, it is less likely that its main goal is to cool down the Earth’s atmosphere, but to increase the temperature instead (Slaght, 2009, p34-41). Another example of the Earth’s climate adjustment would be â€Å"The Green House effect†. Green house effect can be known as the trapping of sunlight made by greenhouse gases such as CO2, CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbon) and CH4 (Methane) that bring about global warming and climate change. Sunlight gives the earth’s warmth. In the natural process, while some sunlight is penetrated to earth, some is bounced back to space known as infrared radiation. Conversely, what the greenhouse gases are doing is taking up the infrared radiation and shut in all the sun’s heat into the atmosphere (What are greenhouse, 2004). Even though these are the processes that happen on Earth without human intervention, we made a change to it  dramatically by speeding them up and at the same time adding numerous problems into it. Due to climate change, our ice caps are melting and our weather is changing, but what are happening in this human industrialization era, it is very unlikely that natural state has caused this. It is us and it has always been us that are causing all of these environment degradation and climate change. In conclusion, there are two causes of climate change; nevertheless, when the natural causes make very little changes to the Earth’s temperature and act as the process of balancing the world’s climate capacity, human activities are the main causes lead to climate change, due to its one way on-going procedures t hat speed up the imbalance of our Earth’s climate and result in many complications such as global warming and greenhouse effect. This is not what we can overcome easily in just a couple of years with a couple of solutions and people, but this is a global problem that every one of us has to work hand in hand to solve. The well-being of the world is in our hands and if we keep taking it for granted like what we are doing everyday, what is here for us might not be there for our children in the future.

Thtr 100

1. __________ argued for light as the guiding principle of all design and defined the role of the modern lighting designer. Adolphe Appia 2. A member of the audience may see a play from five different critical and dramaturgical perspectives. What are five perspectives? social, personal, artistic, theatrical, and entertainment value 3. All plays and play productions can be usefully analyzed and evaluated on the way they use the theatrical format to the best advantage and make us rethink the nature of theatrical production. true 4. Avant-garde means, literally, â€Å"the major assault† or â€Å"shock troops. † true 5. Dramatic criticism usually appears in all the following forms EXCEPT annotated versions of a playscript used in production. 6. Dramaturgy is essentially a subset of directorial responsibilities false 7. Eschewing realism, romanticism, and rationality to create relentlessly unenlightening plays, which playwright said, â€Å"Art has nothing to do with clarity, does not dabble in the clear, and does not make clear? Samuel Beckett 8. Flashbacks that are not clearly framed as such, shuttling instead between time zones without narrative warning, are examples of nonlinear theater 9. Founded by Luis Valdez in 1965, which contemporary Chicano theatre was created to dramatize the farm workers' situation in California through didactic actos? Teatro Campesino 10. Generally the playwright is more intelligent and better informed than the members of the audience. false 11. How did Stanislavsky contribute to realist theatre? He brought realist acting to realist plots 12. If you were to join a discussion about macaronic drama, you would be chatting about plays that include speeches in different languages. 13. In describing dramatic space as â€Å"psycho-plastic,† which â€Å"scenographer† (Europe's most celebrated in the 20thcentury) said â€Å"The goal of a designer can no longer be a description of a copy of actuality, but the creation of its multidimensional model? Joseph Svoboda 14. Opera bouffe is a type of lightweight, sentimental musical. false 15. Plays that deal with theatrical matter not simply as a vehicle but as a theme are called metadrama or metatheatre. 16. Postmodern playwrights and directors are mainly concerned with the discontinuity meaning 17. Postmodernism relates to previous artistic movements in all the following ways EXCEPT postmodern theatre attempts to illuminate the received truths of

Civil War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Civil War - Essay Example The Union used its military to bring the economy of the South to a stand still through having the coast blockaded. In addition, it took control of Mississippi and the Tennessee River system from the west as well as the Atlanta and captured the entire territory from Georgia to the Carolinas. The strategy from the east was to capture Richmond, which was under the supervision of Robert Lee before he was forced to surrender by Grant. This decisive Northern victory was followed by a Reconstruction period. By the time the war was over, approximately 970, 000 citizens had been left as casualties with more than 560,000 dead. The leading cause of the war, the nature of its outcome as well as its name have all remained topics of discussions and controversies since then (Cobbs 414). It is believed that the origin of the Civil War can only be traced within the complicated issues of politics, slavery and conflicts arising between the State’s rights scope and the federal powers, modernizati on, economics, sectionalism, expansionism, and Antebellum period competing nationalism. Despite the disagreements among historians on the causative events of the war and its relative importance, they all agree on the effects the war. War is considered as the most destructive consequent of the political mechanism of man and his ambitions. While all wars are taken as being equally horrific, one war that will always stand out of the rest is the Civil War. Taking place between 1861 and 1865, the war is remembered as being the deadliest war ever witnessed in the history of America. Reasons Why the North won the War Between the participating parts; the Northern States and the Southern States, the Union emerged as the victors and this victory has been associated with several reasons; The Northern States outnumbered their counterparts making the Southern unable to match the advancing force from the north. The north enjoyed a majority of States with the Union having at least 20 pure states w hile the South had only 11 states. This ensured that the Union’s manpower was greater thus automatically countering the strength of the Confederate army. The Northern State also had far much bigger number of soldiers approximated to be above 2, 400, 000 while the Southern States having an inferior number of soldiers that was bellow 1, 000, 000 (Boyer 500). The other factor that gave the Union an age over the Confederate was the industry superiority of the Union. Its industrial position ensured that the Northern States had more financial resources and money to see them through the war. This financial status meant that the union was well–off when it came to supplying its troops with arms which ensured that they kept fighting, constantly received medical attention and food supply was readily available. The industrial strength of the Union was far much superior. This was characterized a better number industries and factories that offered the necessary fuel, ammunition and weaponry equipment. The Southern States on the other hand were mostly plantation and cotton owners with insufficient advanced depots and suppliers (Cobbs 434). This left the south with limited supply and food resources as well as war equipment thus they had no chance of stopping the

Modelling Unknown System 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Modelling Unknown System 2 - Essay Example There are various design methods of IIR filter used, with the analogue reference prototype filter being the most commonly used method, as it is suitable for the design of low pass filters, high pass, band stop filters and band pass filters. Reference type, analog prototype filter, to be used is specified according to its requirements and specification then there is design of the analog prototype filter. Scaling of the analog prototype filter into the required frequency range succeeds the design phase. The scaling process converts the analogue prototype into an analog filter. The last step is the conversion from analog to digital filter. Bilinear transformation method converts analogue filters to digital filters. The resulting filter, obtained is always stable, but, instability of the resulting filter may only be caused by the finite word-length side-effect [1]. The design process of the desirable IIR filter commences with the specification and requirements. The reference prototype analogue filter is chosen based on the specification. Scaling of the analogue prototype filter frequency into the desired range succeeds the design phase. The prototype filter is, thus, converted into an analogue filter. The final step is the conversion to digital filter from the analogue filter type by the use of the bilinear transformation method for conversion. The conversion process achieves a stable filter though instability may result from finite word length side effects [1]. Finite impulse response filter equalizes the natural channel response into a partial response target to reduce the complexity of the corresponding maximum sequence detector in magnetic recording. The natural channel response may vary due to changes such as variation in the head medium separation, therefore, requiring the adaptation of finite impulse response. LMS algorithm based adaptation can also be used. It should be known that conflicting interactions among the LMS loop, the AGC (automatic gain control)

International Financial Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International Financial Management - Essay Example To the common man trade is simply the exchange of goods and services between two individuals, groups, and organizations. When trade begins to happen across regional boundaries it is categorized as international trade. Modern day phenomenon such as advancement in technology and globalization have allowed for international trade to happen at a much faster rate over a much larger scale. For this trade to occur smoothly and in order to avoid confusion and chaos; regulation and systematic order are extremely important. For this reason regions join hands to make trade blocs and trade regions which not only allow for a more efficient process but help both the trader and the buyer. In this essay we will be discussing the role of two trading giants, Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries  (OPEC), and North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA); both of whose introduction caused dramatic changes to the way modern age trade is conducted. Before moving forth it is essential to differentiate between a trade region and a trade bloc. A trade region is essentially an agreement based on regional boundaries. Member countries join such a region based on their geographical location and hence enjoy many trade privileges. An example of a trade region is NAFTA where North American countries come together to form member states. A trade bloc maybe a trade region but it is not necessary since members are made not on geographical proximity but based on ownership of common assets. An example of a trade bloc is OPEC where countries exporting petroleum have come together to ease trade. OPEC was established when five countries (Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela) signed a trade agreement in Baghdad in September 1960. These five countries were then known as the founding members for this organization and were in later years joined by many more countries. Gabon and

The Morality of the Criminal Process and its Effects on a Victim Essay

The Morality of the Criminal Process and its Effects on a Victim - Essay Example As the essay stresses punishment is a worldwide phenomenon that cuts across even the smallest units of society, families. No society can live smoothly without imposing punishment on offenders who go against the laws and customs governing them. This could propose an escalation of crime but on the other hand punishment has only been measured by people’s opinion, which often act as scapegoats to the nature of crimes that felons commit. Punishment still remains a stumbling block that attracts constant debate. The word crime has been overrated with the fact that law identifies it at one angle rather than at different standpoints. By clarifying this, crime is a universal term used in law to denote a felony regardless of its stature, unless it is deeply scrutinized. From the paper it is clear that originating from a single parent family, she is pressed to go the extra mile of getting money, which prompted her to shoplift because she did not have money to buy her mother a gift for Chr istmas. Analyzing her argument shows remorse and regret for her actions but on the other hand it depicts her desperation to meet her and her family’s needs. This shows how she is caught up in the midst of life problems that if the judge justifies her point, should give an appropriate punishment. The arguments displayed by the politician does not at all have a drop of pity to the poor girl and her family by saying that the lack of employment does not escalate crime and in this case not an excuse for Shirley to shoplift.

Substance use and mental health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Substance use and mental health - Essay Example The list of substances that are abused is broad and the method and route of administration also vary. The problem with abusing substances however is not present only in young population but is more diffusely distributed in all ages and social groups. Most common substance abuse found in the same statistical analysis in the general population ranging between age of 16 and 74, that was reported by the participants themselves was cannabis (in 24 %), amphetamines were tried or used by 7 % of the cohort group, 5% ever in their life used magic mushrooms, about 4 % of the cohort population ever in their life used or are still using ecstasy, cocaine, LSD, tranquilizers were used by 3% of the population, other volatile substances and gases were used in 1% of the population and other substances like crack, heroin, steroids were also present in about 1%. There are also other substances that were used but are not listed in this text. Also we must have in mind that this study was based on the sel f-report of the participants so there is a possibility for even larger prevalence of these substances if we consider the population that didn’t report abuse of substances. ... iew Schedule CIS-R, where score above 12 is considered a sign of high probability for neurotic disorder in one person and in participants with score above 18 is considered that psychiatric treatment is necessary (Lewis et al, 1992). They also tested for disorders in the personality of the participants using the SCID-II (Semi-structured interview for making DSM-IV Axis II: Personality Disorder diagnoses). It is a set of questions that are completed by the participants in order to assess the personality disorder based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental  Disorders,  Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). They also used Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry manual to asses for psychosis or more severe psychiatric disorder in the participants. Based on these examinations it was found that abuse of substances was more common in participants who tested positive in some of the screening tests that were used. It was found that 12 % of the people who scored 12 or above on the CIS-R scale (some type of neurosis) had abused substances in the last month before the survey compared to 5% of the other population. Among the specific neuroses it was found that participants with suspicion for obsessive-compulsive disorder had the higher incidence of substance abuse in the previous month (15%). Most significantly it was found that 32% of the participants that were suspected for presence of anti-social personality disorder was found that were abusing some substance in the previous month before the survey. In the group of participants that were diagnosed with psychosis or other major psychiatric disorder no significance in incidence of abusing substances was found. Based on this study we can conclude that neurosis, antisocial personality disorder, obsessive-compulsive

Parliamentary reforms in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries Essay Example for Free

Parliamentary reforms in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries Essay How far would you agree that fear of popular hostility was the main reason why governments enacted parliamentary reforms in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? The reform movement first started to achieve mass support in the 1760s; during the years of the French Revolution it even appealed to the members of the anti-reform Whig party but as war with France started, the authorities feared revolution as had happened in France and so used repressive measures in a bid to stamp out these new ideas. It was in 1815 however that the reform movement began to become more significant when widespread unemployment attracted the masses to the idea of reform. But as conditions improved during the 1820s the pressure for reform decreased as Cobbett said, I defy you to agitate a man on a full stomach. The reform movement was not unified nor was it on a national scale. There were different groups urging for changes the most extensive of these were the radicals, such men as Robert Paine. They campaigned for universal male suffrage, annual parliaments, equal electoral districts, a secret ballot, the payment of MPs and the abolition of property qualifications for MPs. There were some more radical that others however and along with little agreement on what should be the best policy of reform they had little success on parliament. There were also calls for reform from more moderate radicals and members of the Whigs that called for measures for more limited reform such as disfranchising the worst of the rotten boroughs and giving representation to larger towns. The lack of reform prior to the 1832 Act can be explained by the lack of unity of the reformers and their less that significant support in the country but more importantly the Tories anti-reform majority in parliament and the small number of pro-reform Whigs and radicals. The economic slump of 1829 and an increase in poor harvests caused unemployment and distress for many working class families and thus made them more susceptible to reformist ideology. This period saw the reform movement revived by such radicals as Cobbett and Hunt; the BPU, a reform organisation was also founded by Thomas Attwood which provided a pressure group aligning the lower and middle class people this provided the opportunity for others to be created throughout the country during 1829-30 with the middle and working classes increasingly cooperating together; the combination of the two provided a class alliance that the Tories were fearful of. The death of the pro-Tory King George IV necessitated a general election in which the Tories majority was heavily reduced and the continuation of Wellingtons government became uncertain with the increase of Whig seats. This was due to the pro-reform attitude of the country especially within the counties and open boroughs. The election saw the return of Henry Brougham in a seat for Yorkshire; he was more popular in the country than any Whig leader and had promised to initiate parliamentary reform. With the reform movements continued support, other agitation began to emerge in the country. The Swing Riots of Southern England involved burning hayricks and breaking machinery which they blamed for reducing employment for farm workers. Although easily suppressed, the Whigs, worried of unrest and encouraged by the Tory decline, announced their intention to introduce reform legislation in the Commons; Wellington however continually expressed his belief that the existing system possessed the full and entire confidence of the country. In November 1830 the defeat of the Tory government in the Commons brought an end to their 20 years of rule. This opened the door to the Whigs who had already expressed intention in reforming parliament who formed a minority government. The Whigs aim of producing this legislation was a measure large enough to satisfy public opinion but to also provide resistance to further innovation and to uphold the authority of the Aristocracy and the existing Whig government. Although they wanted to remove the most blatant abuses, they were heavily concerned with preserving as much as possible the social and political status quo. Their strategy was to remedy the grievances of the middle classes thereby gaining their support and dividing the middle-working class alliance of the reform movement which posed huge problems for the government of left unresolved. The Bill made no concessions to the radicals and working classes meaning that post-reform agitation would almost certainly continue. During the Bills progression through parliament, agitation continued. Political unions organised demonstrations, riots occurred in Nottingham and Bristol and further violence seemed possible. This extra-parliamentary agitation only strengthened the Whig governments determination in passing the Bill. When King William IV refused to create more Whig peers to carry the Bill through the Lords, Grey resigned and Wellington took office again. This resulted in the Days of May where nationwide protests and demonstrations made some fearful of revolution; reformers also threatened an economic crisis by withdrawing gold from the banks to stop the Duke, go for gold. With Wellingtons failure at forming a government, and the huge public opinion in favour of reform, the King had no choice but to create these necessary peers the Tory majority in the House of Lords however conceded and the Bill was passed. It can therefore be seen that although reform was intended by the Whigs, there was still fear of an uprising that could have swayed members votes, especially in the Commons. Further parliamentary reform was inevitable the Whigs had recognised the huge public opinion in favour of reform and were now in a majority in the House of Commons. Lord Althorp even warned Grey in 1833 that without popular measures, the Reform Act will lead to revolution. It is therefore clear that the fear of uprisings was still apparent to many even after the Act was passed. Although the next Reform Act wasnt passed until 1867, there was still popular agitation in the country. This especially came from the Chartist movement whose demands would have essentially made Britain into a democracy; their demands were however ignored by parliament largely based on the fact that anti-reformer Palmerston was in charge for much of the period between the Acts. With an increasing number of reform legislation being passed both social and economic the country was becoming more democratic and with this came factors in determining parliamentary reform. As well as radical demands for reform continuing, a new factor of party political opportunism was also present it was in the Conservative parties own interests to pass the Second Reform Act. As had happened prior to the 1832 Act, 1866 saw economic problems which increased social discontent and fuelled the calls for reform this is evident in the huge surge of membership to the Reform Union and Reform League. In 1866 both organisations one middle class, the other working started working together, creating the same threat that the Tories had feared back in 1830. It was the Liberal party that introduced the first Bill to parliament, with them seeing the opportunity in enfranchising selective members of working class who were already in favour of the party. The radicals backed the Bill but believed that the measure was too limited; many right-wing Liberals however thought the opposite that the Bill would enfranchise too many of the working class. The Conservatives saw the opportunity of the split ideology and the Liberal party and worked with the right-wingers in defeating the Bill in June of 1866; the Liberal government resigned, giving way to a minority Conservative administration. Despite his own parties opposition to reform, Disraeli introduced his own reform Bill based purely on self-interests in gaining the support of the proposed boroughs to be enfranchised. Moreover, Disraeli also claimed that he intended to destroy the present agitation in the country. As well as party political interests, agitation was still ongoing with radicals and organisations pushing for reform. A peaceful demonstration by the Reform League in London had erupted in violence in July 1966; this, along with further riots, convinced many MPs on the need for reform. Disraelis Bill introduced in March 1867 was more moderate than the Liberal one before it, with the intention that those who opposed the last Bill will accept this one. Rather than it being defeated, Disraeli was willing to make the Bill even more radical than the one prior it was their certainty that redistributing seats would return a Conservative majority that made members within the party support the Bill, along with the radical MPs. It can therefore be seen that self-interests of parties was the main factor in bringing about the Second Reform Act rather than agitation in the country, which was the case during the 1830s. Calls for a secret ballot had been apparent since the late eighteenth century, it was even considered during the Reform Bill in 1831. It wasnt however agitation that led to the Ballot Act of 1872, it was the election of 1868. Violence, corruption and intimidation had occurred as in every election prior but what was surprising was the publicity the election received with journalists commenting on the extent to which violence was a factor. The government set up a committee in 1870 to look into this with their report favouring a system of secret voting. Although the Conservatives apposed such a measure, they saw the opportunity in getting radical support so pushed ahead with the Bill. Intimidation still continued even with an increased electorate and secret voting it simply meant that candidates had to spend more to win over the voters. Secret voting did however mean that voters would not necessarily vote for the candidate they had received money from; this, along with radical calls for reform, urged governments of the time to act. The 1883 Corrupt and Illegal Practices Act passed with both Conservative and Liberal support it limited the expenditure of elections (fell by three-quarters in the 1885 election) and in turn reduced corruption and violence. It was parties interests saving them the huge expense of elections that again prevailed over agitation to pass reform. After the 1867 Act, most politicians had accepted that further parliamentary reform was inevitable, even if they didnt support it. It was therefore important to ensure that reform was in the parties interests, as had occurred in 1867. It was again party self-interests that determined the Third Reform Act Gladstone agreed to support moderate reform believing he would gain popularity in the country. A Liberal Bill was introduced in 1884 with the Conservative majority of the House of Lords, led by Salisbury, believing that although an extension of the county franchise would be beneficial to the Liberals, a redistribution of seats would prevent them from gaining a sufficient majority. By this time conflict had reappeared again, not regarding reform but the abolition of the House of Lords. The riots that followed were not on the same level as in 1832 and the government had little to worry about. There was no significant extra-parliamentary pressure for reform, it was the parties acting in self-interest for themselves in trying to pass the Bill that really counted. A compromise was finally reached the Arlington Street compact in which both parties got what they wanted the Liberals an extension of the franchise and the Conservatives the redistribution of seats. With each successive Act making the House of Commons more democratic, the House of Lords remained essentially aristocratic, with many radicals proposing the upper House be reformed. There were repeated calls for the House to be abolished, especially during the Liberals Home Rule Bill, which was thrown out by the Lords. The election of 1906 produced a Liberal majority of over 200 seats, with the Lords still a Conservative stronghold poised to block key Liberal measures in the following years. The Parliament Bill was introduced in 1910, but the Lords were reluctant to pass such a measure that would removed their power of veto. Liberal Prime Minister Asquith therefore urged the King to create more peers to secure a Liberal majority insisting that there was a serious state of unrest among the middle classes that could lead to harming the crown. The Bill was reintroduced to Parliament with the House of Lords finally accepting the proposals in August 1911 rather then see the House swamped by Liberal peers. The 1911 Parliament Act can therefore be seen as very little to do with agitation in the country and more of the fact of the increasing hostility between the Liberal government and the Conservation Lords. Although the electoral system was now more representative of the people than ever before, there were still huge numbers of people who were denied the vote women for example made up half of the population but still had no proper political voice. The system was therefore still criticised, with the Liberal party calling for further reform including manhood suffrage and the abolition of plural voting. It was from the womens suffrage movement that significant pressure on parliament after 1885 emerged. Parliament found it increasingly difficult to ignore calls for reform from organisations such as the National Union of Womens Suffrage and the Womens Social and Political Union, both of which held demonstrations and were increasing in popularity. They began more militant activities including vandalism and attacks on MPs which only helped to alienate potential supporters, it was in fact the more moderate groups that found the greater success. Once again it came down to party politics with the Liberal party in 1905 believing that enfranchising women on the same basis as men would create a majority middle-class, who were more than likely to vote Conservative. The reform movement virtually disappeared during the outbreak of the war, which reinforces the claim that the Fourth Reform Act passed in 1918 was a result of the parties, and not extra-parliamentary pressure. The Liberals and Labour both supported universal male suffrage by now, with the Conservatives apposing the idea at first but hoping such enfranchised men would vote Conservative. Women were also partly included in the act not because of suffragette pressure, but because before the war a majority of MPs favoured extending the vote to them as long as it was in their parties interests. It can therefore be seen that virtually no agitation or pressure was put on parliament during the time leading up to the 1918 Act, it was simply due to the self-interests of the parties with each benefiting from a particular aspect of the Bill.